How to File a DBA in New York

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Businesses choose their official names when they open an LLC in NY, and firms that don’t formally register simply operate under the owner’s personal name. In either case, sometimes a business wants to operate under a name other than its official one.

If you own a company and want to use a different name, a Doing Business As (DBA) filing enables you to use another name for commercial activities.

What Is a DBA ("Doing Business As")?

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A DBA (Doing Business As) name is a trading name that you can use for business activities within New York State. 

All types of businesses can file for the right to use a trading name after they’ve registered with the state (if required). The option to use a DBA in New York is available to sole proprietorships, limited liability corporations (LLCs), limited partnerships (LPs), corporations and nonprofits.

Having a DBA grants your business the right to use its fictitious business name (FBN) for most purposes. Products and services can be marketed under the name, payments can be sent and received via accounts in the name, and you can generally use it for most activities outside of tax, legal and similar issues. 

The DBA name can be referred to as a trade name, fictitious name, or assumed name. All of these terms refer to a name that was chosen by filing a Doing Business As form.

Benefits of a DBA

Companies use DBA assumed names for several different reasons. The following are some of the main benefits that the name offers and the times when you might want to use one:

Easy name registration

The process of obtaining a DBA involves one of the easiest documents to file; you only need to file a certificate with your local county clerk and pay the associated fee. This is the simplest and fastest way to obtain a business name.

When a company wants a specific name and expects others to pursue it in the near future, the firm can use a DBA form to rapidly secure rights to the name. It might subsequently acquire further rights, such as a trademark.

The simplicity also ensures that virtually all business owners can quickly file for DBAs. No special knowledge is needed.

No official business name required

There’s no requirement to have a formal business entity before (or after) filing for a DBA. Sole proprietors who currently operate under their personal names can obtain DBAs without changing their business structures or filing additional documents.

No employment identification number required

There is also no requirement to have an employer identification number (EIN) in order to obtain a DBA. This is a moot point for LLCs, LPs, corporations and nonprofits that have employees and thus already need EINs for different reasons. On the other hand, sole proprietors and single-member LLCs without employees don’t have to unnecessarily apply for EINs.

Increase privacy somewhat

A DBA doesn’t completely obscure a firm’s official name; government agencies and entities that sue the business will still be able to access the official name. A DBA does allow your company to use a fictitious name in routine operations, however, thus concealing the official business name from most customers and the general public.

Examples of DBA uses

The general benefits and other features of a DBA make it particularly useful in certain situations. While these are far from the only applications, here are some examples of how you might utilize a DBA:

Disadvantages of a DBA

Because they simply provide fictitious names for commercial activities, DBAs have disadvantages compared to other business filings. There are three notable limitations to a DBA.

No legal protection

The primary drawback of a DBA is more of a limitation than a disadvantage. A DBA assumed name confers no legal protection. 

Even though a business may operate under an assumed name, the company itself can still be sued. So too can business owners if the structure allows (e.g. sole proprietorship).

For this reason, a DBA shouldn’t be confused with the LLC business structure. An LLC does provide a limited liability protection, and it may prevent business owners from being sued except in extreme situations. A DBA doesn’t do this.

Of course, obtaining a DBA doesn’t prevent you from forming an LLC (or other legally protective business structure). You can file for both.

No naming rights

Without a trademark secured, a DBA does little to prevent other companies from using highly similar names. Other businesses in New York, and even in your local county and municipality, might use names that are remarkably like yours.

As mentioned, you can file for a trademark simultaneously while quickly obtaining a DBA.

No tax benefits

Since a DBA isn’t an actual business structure, it provides no tax benefits. The assumed name doesn’t impact how your firm is taxed or what it pays in taxes.

Again, you can still file for an LLC or corporate business structure that does provide tax benefits.

Is Having a DBA in New York a Must?

No business entity in New York is required to use a DBA. This is an entirely optional filing, and whether you should file for a New York DBA is dependent upon your business strategy.

You might want a DBA for marketing, privacy or other purposes (see Benefits), but you certainly don’t have to file for one.

Filing a DBA in New York

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The process of filing for a New York DBA is fairly straightforward and simple, but there are a few details to be aware of. Below are some of the requirements that your company’s assumed name must meet, along with instructions on how to go about actually requesting that name.

DBA name requirements

DBA naming requirements are similar to those of LLCs, with one notable exception. Whereas an LLC must use “limited liability company,” “LLC,” or “L.L.C.” in its name, a DBA doesn’t have to contain any indication like this. Marketing under an assumed name that doesn’t need to contain “LLC” has obvious benefits.

Other than this, DBA assumed names and business names in general must meet the following requirements:

Begin with an assumed name search

Before filing a DBA with your local county clerk (see below), first make sure that your desired name is available. 

The easiest way to conduct a business name search in New York is through the Department of State – Division of Corporations’ website. You can search by “Entity Name” to see whether any business is operating under a similar name. 

A disclaimer on the search indicates that it shouldn’t be used to determine the acceptability of an entity name (business name). This is an easy way to check a name, however, and it’s a simple preliminary step to take before filing for a DBA. The county clerk will conduct a more official search when you file.

Register your New York DBA

Registering a DBA in New York involves filing a Business Certificate with a county clerk. You can file in any county where you conduct business. Although it’s usually most convenient to file wherever your company is located, it’s not necessarily required.

Most of New York State uses the same form, but filing in Manhattan requires a different form. Online filing isn’t available since you must give the form to your local county clerk rather than the state government.

Filing outside of Manhattan

  1. To file outside of Manhattan, download the Certificate of Assumed Name from the Division of Corporations, State Records and Uniform Commercial Code. 
  2. You technically don’t have to use this exact form, but it’s easiest to do so when filing anywhere outside of Manhattan. Crafting your own form is redundant and prone to processing errors.
  3. Complete the form, providing your company’s real name in Article 1, assumed name in Article 2, counties of activity in Article 5, location addresses in Article 6, and some other details.
  4. Print out the form, and bring it to your local county clerk. You can alternatively mail it to the county clerk but may want to call ahead so that they know to watch for the certificate.
  5. The New York State Association of Counties has a comprehensive Directory of County Clerks. It lists each clerk’s address, phone and fax number.
  6. Pay the associated filing fee. The total fees include a $25 filing fee paid to the New York Department of State and $25 paid to the county (in most counties). The latter fee is $100 for New York, Kings, Queens, Bronx and Richmond counties. Corporations must pay the county fee for each county listed in Article 5 (counties where you conduct business).

Filing within Manhattan

  1. To file within Manhattan, purchase either Business Certificate X-201 (for sole proprietorships) or Business Certificate X-74 (for all other business structures). These forms aren’t available for download but instead must be purchased. They can be bought at the candy/news shop in the New York County Courthouse, which is located at 60 Centre Street, Manhattan, NY.
  2. Complete the form in full, providing all relevant information. The form is similar to the state’s form, requiring your firm’s name, its assumed name, and basic information about its activities.
  3. Submit the form to the county clerk, who is located in Room 121 of the New York County Courthouse (60 Centre Street).
  4. Pay the associated filing fee. The total fees include a $25 filing fee paid to the New York Department of State and $100 paid to New York County. Corporations must pay additional fees for other counties where they operate.

Consequences for Operating a DBA Without a Registration

Using an assumed name without filing for (and receiving) a DBA primarily carries civil penalties and seldom causes any criminal prosecution. It’s even fairly uncommon for the state to press civil charges for the offense.

A few main issues arise from using a DBA without filing for one:

Tax considerations for DBAs

As mentioned, a DBA isn’t a business structure and thus has no tax consequences. It doesn’t change how your company is taxed nor what it pays in taxes (see Disadvantages).

Conclusion

Whether you run a small sole proprietorship or a large LLC, a Doing Business As assumed name gives your company flexibility in what name it uses. You can easily file for one if you’d like to operate under a different name for any reason.